Tokens and Smart Contract Designs

Here are some steps we could follow to build a stewardship fractalization dApp on the blockchain:

1. Design smart contracts to represent steward profiles, pledges, and stewardship tokens. Build in fractalization logic.

2. Create a decentralized storage solution to hold steward organization data like mission statements, skills, resources.

3. Develop a front-end interface for stewards to easily publish profiles, view pledge opportunities, and request fractalizations.

4. Integrate algorithms (both on and off-chain) to cluster stewards, identify collaboration opportunities, and optimize fractalization.

5. Incorporate oracles to continuously feed biodiversity risk data by region to dynamically prioritize stewardship needs.

6. Build stewardship incentivization mechanisms through native utility tokens that are earned and exchanged.

7. Enable creation of sub-DAOs when new fractional stewardship clusters emerge around specific causes.

8. Develop interactive data visualizations and analytics to provide insights into the evolving stewardship landscape.

9. Facilitate direct peer-to-peer collaboration through messaging and video conferencing features.

10. Promote platform adoption through community building efforts, highlighting success stories.

The core focus should be making it easy for stewards to transparently signal their capabilities, discover alignment, and fluidly self-organize into clusters to address pressing biodiversity needs surfaced by the AI. Gamification and incentivization will help drive engagement.

Here are tokenomic designs that focus more on stewardship, fractalization and collaboration rather than reputation and trust: DAO Governance Model: Implement decentralized governance via proposals and voting, incentives for stewards via initial token allocation, and stewardship fractalization via reserves and minting.

• Use a decentralized governance model where token holders can propose and vote on decisions about the protocol's development, incentivizing active participation and collaboration. The voting power could be proportional to token holdings to give more weight to larger stakeholders.

• Implement quadratic voting, where voters pay a quadratic cost for more votes, to incentivize obtaining broad consensus rather than simple majority rule. This helps prevent large token holders from having outsized control.

• Distribute inflationary token rewards to users that provide stewardship services. This incentivizes participating in the actual maintenance and growth of the network.

• Allocate a portion of tokens to support public goods that benefit the whole ecosystem, like open source development, documentation, user experience improvements etc. This promotes positive-sum behavior.

• Build in decentralized funding mechanisms like token holder approved grants and proposals. This lets the community collectively decide where resources should be allocated.

• Use a fractal reserve model where different types of reserves back the token for stability, and govern access to these reserves in a decentralized manner based on smart contracts.

• Overall focus on designing incentives around collaboration, actual usage and service provisioning rather than short-term speculation and simple HODLing. The goal is to build a thriving ecosystem of engaged stakeholders.

Smart Contract: Stewardship Token and DAO Governance

This implements decentralized governance via proposals and voting, incentives for stewards via initial token allocation, and fractalization via reserves and minting.

Simplified Contract for discussion purposes

Does not show Error Checking or Security Implementation

```solidity
//SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract StewardshipToken {

  // Track balances and allowances
  mapping(address => uint256) public balances;
  mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) public allowances;
  
  // Total supply and decimals
  uint256 public totalSupply;
  uint8 public decimals; 

  // Events
  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
  event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

  // Constructor
  constructor() {
    // Initialize total supply 
    totalSupply = 1000000 * (10 ** decimals);
    
    // Mint initial tokens 
    // 50% todao treasury for funding public goods
    // 40% to community members that provide stewardship services
    // 10% to liquidity pools and dex incentives for active trading and usage 
    balances[treasury] = totalSupply * 50 / 100; 
    balances[stewards] = totalSupply * 40 / 100;
    balances[dex] = totalSupply * 10 / 100;
  }

  // Transfer function
  function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool) {
   require(balances[msg.sender] >= value, "Insufficient balance");

   balances[to] += value;
   balances[msg.sender] -= value;
   emit Transfer(msg.sender, to, value);

   return true;
  }

  // Approve and transferFrom functions
  function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool) {
   allowances[msg.sender][spender] = value;
   emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, value);
   return true;
  }

  function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool) {
    require(allowances[from][msg.sender] >= value, "Allowance too low");
    require(balances[from] >= value, "Insufficient balance");

    balances[to] += value;
    balances[from] -= value;
    emit Transfer(from, to, value);

    allowances[from][msg.sender] -= value;
    return true;
  }

  // Governance functions

  struct Proposal {
    uint256 id;
    address proposer;
    string description; 
    uint256 votesFor;
    uint256 votesAgainst;
    bool executed;
  }

  // Track proposals
  Proposal[] public proposals;

  // Events
  event ProposalCreated(uint256 id, address proposer, string description);
  event Voted(uint256 proposalId, address voter, bool support);

  // Create proposal
  function createProposal(string calldata description) external {
    uint256 id = proposals.length;
    proposals.push(Proposal(id, msg.sender, description, 0, 0, false));
    emit ProposalCreated(id, msg.sender, description); 
  }

  // Vote on proposal
  function vote(uint256 proposalId, bool support) external {
    require(proposals[proposalId].executed == false, "Already executed"); 
    if(support) {
      proposals[proposalId].votesFor++;
    } else {
      proposals[proposalId].votesAgainst++;
    }
    emit Voted(proposalId, msg.sender, support);
  }

  // Execute proposal if quorum and support threshold reached
  function executeProposal(uint256 proposalId) external {
     Proposal storage proposal = proposals[proposalId];
     require(proposal.executed == false, "Already executed");
     require(proposal.votesFor > totalSupply / 4, "Insufficient votes for");
     require(proposal.votesFor > proposal.votesAgainst * 2, "Insufficient support");

     // Execute proposal logic

     proposal.executed = true;
  }

}
```

Updated Smart Contract

Climate Stewardship Token and DAO Governance

Updated Contract to include Error Checking, Security and Example DAO Proposal

// Example DAO proposal 
// Fund climate change projects
// Transfer 250,000 tokens to Project XYZ to fund soil carbon sequestration efforts

```solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol"; 
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";

contract ClimateStewardshipToken is ERC20, Ownable {

  constructor() ERC20("Climate Stewardship Token", "CST") {
    // Mint 50% of supply to dao treasury
    _mint(daoTreasury, 5000000 * 10**decimals());

    // Mint 40% to stewards
    _mint(stewards, 4000000 * 10**decimals());

    // Mint 10% to DEX 
    _mint(uniV2Pair, 1000000 * 10**decimals());
  }

  // Use OpenZeppelin Ownable access control
  function mint(address to, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner {
    _mint(to, amount);
  }

  // Use OpenZeppelin ERC20 implementation
  function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
    _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
    return true;
  }
  
  // Track proposals
  struct Proposal {
    uint256 id;
    address proposer;
    string description;
    uint256 startBlock;
    uint256 endBlock;
    uint256 votesFor;
    uint256 votesAgainst;
    bool executed;
    mapping(address => bool) voters;
  }

  mapping(uint256 => Proposal) public proposals;

  // Events
  event ProposalCreated(uint256 id, address proposer, string description);
  event Voted(uint256 proposalId, address voter, bool support);

  // Create proposal
  function createProposal(string calldata description) external {
    uint256 id = proposals.length;
    proposals[id] = Proposal(
      id, 
      msg.sender,
      description,
      block.number, 
      block.number + 40_000, //about 1 week
      0,
      0,
      false
    );
    emit ProposalCreated(id, msg.sender, description);
  }

  //Vote on proposal
  function vote(uint256 proposalId, bool support) external {
    Proposal storage proposal = proposals[proposalId];
    require(block.number < proposal.endBlock, "Voting period ended");
    require(!proposal.voters[msg.sender], "Already voted");

    proposal.voters[msg.sender] = true;

    if (support) {
      proposal.votesFor++;
    } else {
      proposal.votesAgainst++;
    }

    emit Voted(proposalId, msg.sender, support);
  }

  // Execute proposal if threshold reached
  function executeProposal(uint256 proposalId) external onlyOwner {
    Proposal storage proposal = proposals[proposalId];
    require(block.number >= proposal.endBlock, "Voting period not ended");
    require(!proposal.executed, "Already executed");
    require(proposal.votesFor > totalSupply / 4, "Not enough for votes");

    // Execute proposal logic
   
    // Existing require checks for voting period ended, not already executed, threshold met

    Proposal storage proposal = proposals[proposalId];
  
    if (keccak256(abi.encodePacked(proposal.description)) == keccak256(abi.encodePacked("Fund climate change project"))) {

      // If proposal is to fund climate change project
      IERC20(address(this)).transfer(projectXYZ, 250000 * 10**decimals());

    } else if (keccak256(abi.encodePacked(proposal.description)) == keccak256(abi.encodePacked("Update emission rate"))) {

      // If proposal is to update emissions rate
      emissionRate = proposal.votesFor; 

    } else {
      // Other proposal logic    
    }

    proposal.executed = true; 
  }

}
```

This checks the proposal description hash against expected values, and executes custom logic based on the proposal type.

For example, if the proposal is to fund a climate change project, it would transfer 250,000 tokens to the target project address.

If the proposal is to update the emissions rate, it would set the emissionRate variable to the number of votes for.

The keccak256 hash of the description allows checking the proposal details in a gas efficient way.

Other proposal logic could be added for different proposal types like adding approved vendors, updating parameters, etc.

Key improvements:

• Use OpenZeppelin contracts for access control and token implementation

• Add start and end blocks for voting period

• Require voters can only vote once

• Move execution logic to executeProposal() with proper checks

• Access control onlyOwner on executeProposal()

• Explicit error checking with requires

This provides a more secure proposal and voting mechanism with proper validation and restrictions.

Here are some EVM-compatible blockchains that could be good low/no cost options for public good applications:

• Polygon PoS - Ethereum sidechain with low average transaction fees (~$0.001). More capacity and lower costs than Ethereum mainnet.

• Gnosis Chain - EVM chain designed for decentralized finance with low and predictable fees.

• Optimism - Layer 2 rollup focused on public goods and transparency. Fees subsidized by protocol revenue.

• Arbitrum Nova - Upcoming Arbitrum chain with plans to have no fees for basic transactions.

• Palm - Eco-friendly sidechain focused on sustainability with free transactions.

• Aurora - EVM sidechain built on NEAR Protocol designed to be extremely low cost.

• Milkomeda - Sidechain protocol that enables EVM compatibility on Cardano's network with low fees.

• Songbird - Canary network for Flare with low fees to test applications before deployment.

• SKALE - Elastic sidechains to provide EVM execution with configurable gas fees.

For true zero fee transactions, a non-EVM chain like Cardano, Nano or IOTA may be preferable. But the above are good options for low cost deployment on EVM chains with solidity smart contracts.